Cov ntawv sau cov duab: Ntxiv nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv alkene, pi daim ntawv cog lus ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm nucleophile electrophile tawm hauv pab pawg tawm hauv pawg Lub cev tshwm sim ntawm kev tawm hauv pab pawg muaj peev xwm yog tus nqi ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim tshwm sim. Cov pab pawg tawm zoo muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sai Los ntawm txoj kev hloov hauv lub xeev txoj kev xav, qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov kev cuam tshuam uas cuam tshuam nrog cov pab pawg tawm zoo muaj qhov cuam tshuam qis ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ruaj khov. https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Leaving_group
Tawm pab pawg - Wikipedia
Xaiv cov khoom lag luam uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tawm tsam Markovnikov / sib ntxiv ntawm H thiab OH rau cov alkene hauv qab no.
Electron nrhiav reagent yog dab tsi?
Ib reagent uas tawm tsam thaj tsam ntawm cov hluav taws xob siab ceev lossis yog electron nrhiav yog hu ua electrophile. Tag nrho cov tsiaj uas raug them zoo yog electrophilic. Neutral reagents uas muaj ib qho hluav taws xob - tsis muaj atom yog electrophiles.
Vim li cas ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyiam ntawm qhov kub qis?
Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, lub sij hawm entropy me me, thiab lub sij hawm enthalpy dominates. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ∆G yuav tsis zoo, uas txhais tau hais tias cov khoom tau txais kev pom zoo dua cov reactants (kuj qhov sib npaug ntawm K yuav ntau dua 1). Yog li, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog thermodynamically haum ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
txhais tau li cas los ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam ntxiv muab piv txwv nrog kev sib npaug ntawm qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj alkene?
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv tau dhau los ntawm txhua tus alkenes thiab alkynes uas muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus lossis daim ntawv cog lus triple. Piv txwv li: Thaum ethene (C 2 H 4) reacts nrog hydrogen nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug nickel catalyst, ethane yog tsim.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv yog dab tsi muab piv txwv?
Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv tshwm sim thaum ob lossis ntau dua reactants ua ke los ua ib qho khoom lag luamCov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv tshwm sim nrog cov tshuaj tsis txaus ntseeg. Hydrohalogenation cuam tshuam nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm hydrogen atom thiab halogen atom rau ib qho chaw tsis txaus ntseeg (muaj cov pa roj carbon-carbon ob daim ntawv cog lus).
