Cov txheej txheem:
- Electron nrhiav reagent yog dab tsi?
- Vim li cas ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyiam ntawm qhov kub qis?
- txhais tau li cas los ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam ntxiv muab piv txwv nrog kev sib npaug ntawm qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj alkene?
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv yog dab tsi muab piv txwv?
Video: Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau alkene π daim ntawv cog lus ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm?
2024 Tus sau: Fiona Howard | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-10 06:38
Cov ntawv sau cov duab: Ntxiv nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv alkene, pi daim ntawv cog lus ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm nucleophile electrophile tawm hauv pab pawg tawm hauv pawg Lub cev tshwm sim ntawm kev tawm hauv pab pawg muaj peev xwm yog tus nqi ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim tshwm sim. Cov pab pawg tawm zoo muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sai Los ntawm txoj kev hloov hauv lub xeev txoj kev xav, qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov kev cuam tshuam uas cuam tshuam nrog cov pab pawg tawm zoo muaj qhov cuam tshuam qis ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ruaj khov. https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Leaving_group
Tawm pab pawg - Wikipedia
Xaiv cov khoom lag luam uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tawm tsam Markovnikov / sib ntxiv ntawm H thiab OH rau cov alkene hauv qab no.
Electron nrhiav reagent yog dab tsi?
Ib reagent uas tawm tsam thaj tsam ntawm cov hluav taws xob siab ceev lossis yog electron nrhiav yog hu ua electrophile. Tag nrho cov tsiaj uas raug them zoo yog electrophilic. Neutral reagents uas muaj ib qho hluav taws xob - tsis muaj atom yog electrophiles.
Vim li cas ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyiam ntawm qhov kub qis?
Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, lub sij hawm entropy me me, thiab lub sij hawm enthalpy dominates. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ∆G yuav tsis zoo, uas txhais tau hais tias cov khoom tau txais kev pom zoo dua cov reactants (kuj qhov sib npaug ntawm K yuav ntau dua 1). Yog li, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog thermodynamically haum ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
txhais tau li cas los ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam ntxiv muab piv txwv nrog kev sib npaug ntawm qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj alkene?
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv tau dhau los ntawm txhua tus alkenes thiab alkynes uas muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus lossis daim ntawv cog lus triple. Piv txwv li: Thaum ethene (C 2 H 4) reacts nrog hydrogen nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug nickel catalyst, ethane yog tsim.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv yog dab tsi muab piv txwv?
Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv tshwm sim thaum ob lossis ntau dua reactants ua ke los ua ib qho khoom lag luamCov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv tshwm sim nrog cov tshuaj tsis txaus ntseeg. Hydrohalogenation cuam tshuam nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm hydrogen atom thiab halogen atom rau ib qho chaw tsis txaus ntseeg (muaj cov pa roj carbon-carbon ob daim ntawv cog lus).
Pom zoo:
Vim li cas qhov khoom noj no ntxiv los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov kua mis?
Tab sis cov menyuam mos noj mis niam tau txais kev tiv thaiv ntxiv los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lwm cov proteins thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv tib neeg cov kua mis. Thaum noj, cov molecules thiab hlwb pab tiv thaiv cov kab mob los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv lub cev cov ntaub so ntswg.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv?
Raws li nouns qhov txawv ntawm antitype thiab hom yog hais tias antitype yog ib yam dab tsi uas yog cim los yog sawv cev los ntawm ib homthaum hom yog ib pab pawg raws li cov yam ntxwv sib koom; ib hoob . Antitype txhais li cas? 1a:
Thaum lub sijhawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv daim ntawv cog lus ntawm cov substrates?
Thaum ib qho enzyme khi nws cov substrate, nws tsim ib qho enzyme-substrate complex Cov complex no txo qis lub zog ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab txhawb nws txoj kev loj hlob sai los ntawm kev muab qee yam ions lossis tshuaj lom neeg.
Puas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob ua rau lupus?
Antinuclear cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog autoantibodies - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tsom rau cov proteins ib txwm nyob hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub cell. Qhov no dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob thaum ANAs teeb liab lub cevpib tsom nws tus kheej, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob autoimmune, suav nrog lupus, Sjogren's syndrome, thiab cov kab mob sib xyaw ua ke .
Cov neeg mob tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsum tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv?
Vim li cas CDC thiaj pom zoo tias cov neeg uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tau txais koob tshuaj mRNA COVID-19 ntxiv los ntxiv rau 2-dose thawj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob mRNA COVID-19? Cov neeg uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob los yog cov neeg siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog nyob ntawm muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau rau tus kab mob COVID-19 hnyav .
