Enzymes yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv ob qho tib si hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas lawv catalyze thiab hauv lawv xaiv cov reactants, uas yog hu ua substrates. Ib qho enzyme feem ntau catalyzes ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv ib leeglossis ib txheej ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo sib xws.
Yuav siv tau cov enzyme rau ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv?
Ntau zaus tshaj tsis yog, nws muaj kev nyab xeeb xav tias ib leeg enzyme nyiam ua rau tsuas yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv, lossis ib txheej ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam zoo sib xws. (Peb, raws li cov neeg soj ntsuam sab nraud, tuaj yeem hais qhia tom qab-qhov tseeb tias ntau cov enzymes --tab sis tsis yog txhua tus ntawm lawv -- feem ntau muaj npe rau lawv ua li cas.)
Muaj pes tsawg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzyme catalyze?
Cov enzymes no tuaj yeem ua tau ntau npaum li 106-107 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib ob. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, txwv tsis pub enzymes limp nrog thaum ua haujlwm tsuas yog ≈10-1-10-2 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib ob lossis txog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv ib feeb ib enzyme (BNID 101627, 101635).
Vim li cas cov enzyme yuav tsis ua rau lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv?
Qhov no yog vim lawv tsis hloov lub zog dawb ntawm cov reactants lossis cov khoom. Lawv tsuas yog txo qhov ua kom lub zog xav tau rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus rau pem hauv ntej (Daim duab 1). Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho enzyme nws tus kheej tsis hloov pauv los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nws catalyzes.
Vim li cas cov enzymes tsuas yog ua rau ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv?
Enzymes yog cov proteins, uas muaj cov qauv 3D tertiary tshwj xeeb, nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb zoo li lub xaib. Lub chaw nquag tuaj yeem khi ib lub substrate los tsim cov enzyme-substrate complex, yog li ntawd tuaj yeem ua rau tsuas yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv xwb.
