Yuav hloov lub atom hydrogen li cas nrog halogen hauv hydrocarbon cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim? Cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom hauv cov molecule ua tsis muaj zog. Cov tshuaj twg yog tsim los ntawm polymers?
Halogen atom hloov hydrogen atom ntawm alkane li cas?
Raws li peb tau sau tseg yav dhau los, alkanes hnov mob nrog halogens los tsim cov halogenated hydrocarbons, qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws uas muaj ib leeg halogen atom hloovrau hydrogen atom ntawm alkane. … Qhov hloov ntawm ib qho hydrogen atom muab ib qho alkyl halide (los yog haloalkane).
Lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog dab tsi thaum hydrogen hloov los ntawm halogen los ntawm hydrocarbon?
Koj cov lus teb yog: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas hydrogen ntawm alkane hloov los ntawm halogen hu ua Hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, thaum methane reacts nrog chlorine gas nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tshav ntuj, nws tsim Chloromethane nrog hydrochloric acid.
Thaum ib lossis ntau dua hydrogen atoms nyob rau hauv cov molecules ntawm hydrocarbons hloov nrog halogen atoms lub resulting compounds hu ua?
Alkyl Halides Alkyl halides, lossis haloalkanes, yog alkanes uas ib lossis ntau lub atoms hydrogen hloov los ntawm halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, lossis iodine). Cov pa roj carbon-halogen daim ntawv cog lus muaj ntau dua li cov pa roj carbon-hydrogen bonds, tab sis feem ntau alkyl halides tsis soluble hauv dej.
Puas tau los ntawm kev hloov ib lossis ntau dua hydrogen atoms ntawm alkane nrog tus naj npawb ntawm halogen atoms?
Thaum ib lossis ntau dua hydrogen atoms ntawm saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons los yog muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons raug hloov los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm halogen atoms, (Cl, Br, I), ces cov tebchaw tshiab tau hu ua, halogen derivatives ntawm alkanes los yog ntawm arenes.
