Cov cai thiab lub luag haujlwm no tau tshwm sim los ntawm Henry VIII, leej twg ntawm lwm yam tau tso cai tsim cov dab tsi tom qab dhau los ua Royal College of Physicians hauv London xyoo 1518, thiab xyoo 1540 tau pom zoo kev koom ua ke ntawm Lub Tuam Txhab ntawm Barbers and the Guild of Surgeons, thiab muab cov kws kho mob muaj cai los tshuaj xyuas …
Dab tsi yog ob hom guilds tseem ceeb hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog?
Guilds hauv medieval Europe tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: khoom siv tes ua khoom siv thiab cov tub lag luam guilds. Crafts guilds tau tsim los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm thiab cov kws ua haujlwm hauv tib txoj haujlwm, xws li hatters, kws ntoo, bakers, blacksmiths, weav-ers thiab masons.
Yuav ua li cas guilds nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog?
Nyob hauv lub nroog loj thaum Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab, tuaj yeem muaj ntau txog 100 yam sib txawv Piv txwv suav nrog cov neeg xaws khaub ncaws, dyers, armorers, bookbinders, painters, masons, bakers, leatherworkers, embroiderers, cobblers (shoemakers), thiab candlemakers. Cov no tau hu ua crafts guilds. Tseem muaj tub lag luam guilds.
Lub koom haum twg yog lub koom haum tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Venice?
Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov guilds, los yog scuoli, yog cov koom nrog uas muaj los txhawb cov tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob, tsev kho mob menyuam ntsuag, tsev neeg pluag, thiab lwm yam. Cov tswv cuab feem ntau yog los ntawm cov tub lag luam thiab cov tub lag luam hauv zej zog, feem ntau muaj nyiaj.
Cov tub lag luam hu ua dab tsi?
paub tias collegium, collegia lossis corpus, cov no yog pawg ntawm cov tub lag luam uas tshwj xeeb hauv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb thiab nws cov tswv cuab ntawm pab pawg yog yeem.
