Cov piv txwv feem ntau ntawm cov tebchaw no yog cov xab npum thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, plaub yam uas tau qhia hauv qab no. Nco ntsoov tias txhua yam ntawm cov molecules no muaj cov saw hlau uas tsis yog-polar hydrocarbon, "tail", thiab polar (feem ntau ionic) "head group". … Soap yog tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus-catalyzed hydrolysis (saponification) ntawm tsiaj rog(saib hauv qab).
Cov khoom ntawm saponification yog dab tsi?
Thaum triglycerides ua ke nrog lub hauv paus aqueous xws li NaOH lossis KOH, hydrolysis ntawm triglyceride esters tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem hu ua saponification (daim duab 1). Cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog xab npum, uas muaj cov ntsev ntawm fatty acids thiab dawb glycerol.
xab npum thiab tshuaj ntxuav tes ua li cas?
Soaps yog ua los ntawm cov khoom xyaw ntuj, xws li cov roj cog (txiv maj phaub, zaub, xibtes, ntoo thuv) lossis cov kua qaub uas tau los ntawm cov tsiaj rog. Detergents, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog hluavtaws, tib neeg tsim derivatives. … Tej zaum feem ntau thiab ntau yam ntawm cov khoom xyaw no yog cov surfactants… cov neeg ua haujlwm ntog.
Cov tshuaj ntxuav tes ua chemistry li cas?
Soaps thiab detergents yog ua los ntawm cov molecules ntev uas muaj lub taub hau thiab tail Cov molecules no hu ua surfactants; daim duab hauv qab no sawv cev rau ib qho surfactant molecule. Lub taub hau ntawm lub molecule yog attracted rau dej (hydrophilic) thiab tus Tsov tus tw yog attracted rau roj thiab av (hydrophobic).
txheej txheem saponification yog dab tsi?
Saponification yog tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm kev sib xyaw roj (roj, butters, thiab lwm yam) nrog lub hauv paus muaj zog(rau cov xab npum zoo, lub hauv paus muaj zog yog sodium hydroxide lye, rau kua xab npum lub hauv paus muaj zog yog poov tshuaj hydroxide, tseem hu ua potash). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tsim ob lub ntsiab lus: glycerin thiab xab npum!
